Contemporary architecture does not come from scratch. Today’s projects are based on a series of experiments that have occurred since humanity began to conceive living and coexistence spaces. An intrinsic connection between customs, traditions, local materials, and construction techniques gave rise to ancestral and vernacular architectures. The influence of each population's context and culture can be an inspiration for contemporary architects who, by looking to the past, can effectively respond to the future.
It is not enough to consider purpose and structure when designing. It is also necessary to understand the social and significant functions of a building within its cultural and geographical context. The importance of understanding local culture stretches beyond just bringing a sense of belonging to the community that will use the place. It can suggest spatial and functional organization based on how people interact with each other through internal courtyards, community spaces, worship areas, or other elements that are suitable for gathering. Or present different traditional techniques and local materials, which, together with an understanding of the workforce's skills, add tremendous sustainable potential for social transformation.
In addition, spatial and functional organization together with the appropriate materials can provide excellent thermal and lighting comfort without using equipment that requires other types of energy than natural ones. These are strategies that respond sensitively and efficiently to local climatic conditions, promoting energy efficiency and reducing environmental impact.
Immersing yourself in local culture is also about orienting yourself to decisions regarding form and aesthetics. The search for or reinterpretation of traditional elements, such as decorative patterns and ornaments, specific materials and typologies, reflects the cultural and visual identity of the community, preserving memories and techniques in the face of possible erasures and expanding the architectural repertoire of each region.
In this way, projects that adopt local culture during their process tend to be highly successful and recognized by the community and by specialized critics who recognize the inventive power of translating local concepts into techniques that contemporaneity makes possible. Demonstrating the creative power of architects who know their character and how it is established from collective knowledge without erasing it.
To serve as inspiration, we have selected five renowned architects who have mastered the art of drawing inspiration from local cultures.
Anna Heringer
Anna Heringer grew up in a small Austro-Bavarian town near Salzburg. At age 19, she spent a year living and working in Bangladesh, where she now has most of her projects underway, in addition to other countries such as China and Zimbabwe.
In her practice, reading the context is fundamental for each project, as well as the sustainability and social impact it can cause. The architect says that local materials and energy sources are essential. “With energy sources, I think about human work”, reiterating that if human work is not used, "we create a social problem" and there is no economic turn in the community, which allows different movements. As for local materials, the German states: "We have fantastic local materials all over the world. We just need to see and be aware of them. Less concrete, more earth - we can't keep building like we do. Here in Germany, I've found that the cheapest solution is always the least sustainable, while in Bangladesh the cheapest solution is also the most sustainable."
Balkrishna Doshi
With a practice based on Indian cultures and his masters Le Corbusier and Louis Kahn, Balkrishna Doshi achieved a balance between modern and traditional forms, which brought him the highest honor in architecture in 2018, the Pritzker Prize. At the time, the jury highlighted how the use of patios, gardens and covered walkways created not only spaces to protect from the sun but also for the pleasure and comfort of users, generating an architecture that united prefabrication with local techniques and "developed a vocabulary in harmony with the history, culture, local traditions and the changes that its country of origin was going through".
“Architecture is a manifestation of life and the world that happens through our actions as if it were a backdrop”, the architect shares in The Promise, a short film about his work. A phrase that synthesizes his thinking and allows the creation of an architecture not only rooted in its context sensibilities, but that finds environments that spread the Indian tradition and shelter its transformation in contemporary times. Doshi created buildings that celebrate life based on social, cultural and economic sustainability. An architecture that remains meaningful to the community.
Fancis Keré
When he received the Pritzker Prize in 2022, Francis Kéré was already known for his work that seeks to solve basic needs, limited budgets, vernacular techniques, the local culture and the community that maintains and builds it. A seam that preserves architecture's beauty. Using ancestral spatial knowledge, primarily from Burkina Faso, Keré develops technical solutions from his perspective. This creates an architecture that blends with the social and geographic context by respecting the context, materials, and labor.
When describing the reasons why Keré won the Pritzker, Nicolás Valencia says: "In Kéré's works, nothing is superfluous, but that doesn't mean he excludes good drawing that moves us from the equation. He strikes a delicate balance between reworking local techniques and creating original designs, avoiding romanticizing precariousness. Indeed, Kéré does not intend to institutionalize or export the aesthetics or construction techniques of his hometown, but understands that these principles only work where they belong and that in his construction process he can transfer knowledge to workers and society, without falling into the illusion that architects should disappear to make way for a fully qualified community."
Marina Tabassum
Award-winning architect and teacher Marina Tabassum's work is intrinsically connected to her home country, Bangladesh. With a conflicting historical and political context, today the country is marked by high income inequality and suffers from natural disasters. Several factors, along with local spatial traditions, shape Tabassum's architectural ethics: focusing on social responsibility and integrating cultural context into her projects to make positive impacts.
Elements such as place and memory, light and spirituality, permeate the work of the architect who is, above all, in tune with the context - whether natural or urban - through the use of local materials. In this way, she uses vernacular and ancestral techniques to develop projects that improve communities' lives and respond to political and environmental challenges in her country.
Wang Shu
"Architecture is not just an object that you place in context," explains Wang Shu. "Your architecture experience starts far from the building. Architecture is not just the house itself; it also includes the large area around it. All of that is architecture."
The Chinese architect, head of the Amateur Architecture Studio, received the Pritzker Prize in 2012 for his performance aligned with his country's cultural and historical context. According to that year's jury chairman Lord Palumbo: “The question of the proper relationship of the present to the past is particularly timely. The recent urbanization process in China invites debate about when architecture should be anchored in tradition or look to the future. As with any magnificent architecture, Wang Shu's work allows one to transcend this debate, producing an architecture that is timeless, deeply rooted in its context and yet universal.”
This article is part of the ArchDaily Topics: Design Process, proudly presented by Codesign, the first purpose-built iPad app for the concept design stage of the architectural process.
Codesign turns sketches into 3D building models in moments, with the ability to iterate, explore and understand downstream effects immediately. Architects can explore all the possibilities of a project, and spend more time doing what they love the most, designing. (Codesign was previously known as Spaces)
Every month we explore a topic in-depth through articles, interviews, news, and architecture projects. We invite you to learn more about our ArchDaily Topics. And, as always, at ArchDaily we welcome the contributions of our readers; if you want to submit an article or project, contact us.
